About Abruzzo

The Parks

The Nature of Abruzzo

The Mountains

The Parks
The Weather
Skiing
The Sea
Itineraries
History of Abruzzo
Artisans of Abruzzo

Abruzzo, region of parks

 The Wood of Don Venanzio and the Littoral grove of ilex trees of Torino di Sangro are legally protected by Regional Law n. 45 issued on the 11th of September 1979. In these areas it is forbidden to cut down trees, to pick up any kind of spontaneous flora, to create any driveway and it is also forbidden to build any kind of construction. In fact, they have been considered as biotopes of particular vegetation interest.

The 13 State Reserves of Abruzzo are located on lands owned by Public Institutions and they are run and controlled by the Corps of State Foresters through the former State Bureau for the State Woods. Their total area is equal to 19.421,7 ha.

From 1985 to 1992 the Abruzzo region established 12 regional reserves: four of them are in the province of Pescara, three of them in the province of L'Aquila and Chieti respectively and two in the province of Teramo. They are run by the Boroughs that in most cases delegate the task to some special Commitee (the Comitati di Gestione), institutions and associations. Some of these reserves are real living laboratories since they offer the possibility, to experts and students, of studying species of animals, that have disappeared in the past, and been reintroduced in these territories.

The territorial "equipped Park" as defined by  art. 10 of the Regional Law 61/80 Is a territory with some natural and environmental characteristics; its target is to satisfy the needs of the population for social engagements and free time, while respecting the natural heritage. In Abruzzo there are six of them: three in the province of Pescara and one in each other province (L'Aquila, Chieti, Teramo).

In Abruzzo, along with some State and Regional Reserves there are also some WWF-Italy oasis. Three of them (Lago di Penne, Majella Orientale and Serranella) coincide with the territory protected by the Region. The other three oasis' are located on very interesting areas from a naturalistical point of view; they are directly run on the basis of rental agreements with public and private owners.

The National Park of Gran Sasso-Laga

Organization

Established in 1993, it spreads over 203.000 hectares on the Logoterritory of 57 communes divided among the provinces of L'Aquila, Teramo, Pescara, Ascoli Piceno and Rieti. Inside it the mountainous chains of Gran Sasso and of the Monti della Laga are completely included. The Group of the Gran Sasso is situated between the basin of the river Vomano in the north and the river Aterno-Pescara in the south.

The main structure is constituted by a long ridge line stretching from the Passo delle Capannelle to Vado di Sole; in the western part, past Monte S. Franco, the chain parts in two sections which rejoin on Monte Aquila. The first stretches towards South and is constituted by the ranging Monte Ienca, Pizzo di Camarda, Cresta delle Malecoste, Pizzo Cefalone, Monte Portella; the other one extending eastward is constituted by the ranging Monte Corvo, Pizzo d'Intermesoli, Corno Piccolo and Corno Grande, which border the Karst plain of Campo Pericoli and the high grassland of Venacquaro. Moreover this ramification includes the peaks of the mounts Prena (2561 mts) and Camicia (2570 mts) -where there is the highest source of the Apennine, Fonte Grotta, with interesting concretions in the small pools of clear and icy water - and, under the northern side of the Corno Grande, the Calderone, the only glacier of the Apennine and the most southern of Europe. South of the massif spreads the endless plain of Campo Imperatore, at 1600 mts of height.
The chain of the Laga is North-South oriented and presents two sides, which differ for climate and structure. The eastern side, more humid and cold, goes down towards the river plains of the Vomano, Tordino, Salinello, Vibrata, the other side in the territory of L'Aquila, Rieti and Ascoli, throws itself on the Lake of Campotosto, on the valley of the Tronto and on the gorges hollowed out by the latter in the territory of Ascoli.
The main ridge, again above two thousand meters, is constituted by the peaks of the Monte della Laghetta (2369 mts), of the Monte Gorzano (2458 mts) and the Pizzo di Sevo (2421 mts).

Fauna

The National Park of Gran Sasso and of the Monti dellaparco_gransasso_aquila.gif (12689 byte) Laga offers an extremely valuable patrimony of fauna and vegetation.
The fauna is rather varied and is represented by uncommon species, such as the Apennine Wolf, the Wild Cat, and wild boars, squirrels, foxes, all quite widespread; more unusual are the Chamois, only lately brought back in the area. Among the predatory birds we point out the buzzard, the peregrine, the sparrowhawk and the Golden eagle; among the wood birds: the great spotted woodpecker, the woodpigeon, the short toed treecreeper; among the rocky species: the alpine chough, the chough, the wallcreeper; in the heights, the alpine accentor and the water and rock pipits.

Flora and natural environments

The woods are essentially made up of beech along with, even though more rarely, holly, maples of different species, mountain and fowler sorbs, cherry trees, wild apple and pear trees, yew trees. A special mention must be made of the small woods of white fir trees (Selva di Cortino, Bosco Martese ) remainders of the old mixed gathering of fir trees and beeches of the Apennine.

The undergrowth is crowded with a large number of anemone, ranunculi, red lilies and martagons, with belladonna, raspberry bushes and many species more; the glades are brightened up by the colours of the different species of wild orchids while the high grasslands are characterized by the presence of a moorland of black bilberry. On the Laga there are also large extensions of chestnut woods, quite unusual in our region.

Useful numbers

 LogoRoseto Tourist Information Office - 085/8991157

Regional College of alpine guides - 0871/ 69338

Tourist centre of the Gran Sasso National Park - 0862/22147

Green school of S. Pietro di Isola del Gran Sasso - Legambiente 0861/975825

Chamois visitors centre - Farindola 085/823131-823185

Environmental education centre WWF - Elce di Cortino 0861/250223 (home of person in charge)

CAI - L'Aquila 0862/24342

The National Park of Abruzzo

Organization

 
The National Park of Abruzzo was established by the Royal decree n. 257 of January 2, 1923. Later, on July 12 of the same year, that decree was made law. Its present-day area of 44,000 hectares, which is the result of several enlargements, includes 22 towns in the provinces of L'Aquila, Frosinone and Isernia.

In 1980 the Autonomous Board "National Park of Abruzzo", in charge of the Park administration, started a zonation project, which consists of dividing the whole territory in zones. The Board has set very severe restraints on full protection areas and it has established more flexible rules for tourism in the remaining ones. At present, the Park is divided into 4 zones: Full Reserve, General Reserve, Protection Zone and Development Zone. Almost every town has been provided with a Tourist Information Centre and with Zonal Offices. A Centre for the Apennine Ecological Studies has also been established in order to do research and publish data on the rarest animal species.

Fauna

The Park Wolfis inhabited by bears, chamois, wolves, and deer. The symbol of the Park is the Marsican Brown Bear, which represented, until recently, an endangered species. At present, this danger seems to have been averted, thanks to the punctual protection activity of the Park Board. Indeed, there are about 80 examples of bear living both in the Park area and in the nearby mountains. The Board of the National Park of Abruzzo has also taken several initiatives about other areas.

An example of this activity is represented by ChamoisOperation Chamois that has favoured the reappearance of the mountain goat even on the Eastern Majella and the Gran Sasso.

There are about 40 wolves living in the Park. Operation San Francesco (started 20 years ago) has made possible the creation of a Tour Information Centre dedicated to them and a special Faunal Area.

At the moment an investigation is going on to find out whether it is possible to reintroduce Lynx into the Park.

Flora and natural environments

The past glaciations and karst phenomena have marked the morphology of the mountain environment. The rock is calcareous.
The Sangro is the Parks main river and has its very source in the Park. The Melfa, the Giovenco and the Volturno flow at the edges of the protection area. In the Park or in its vicinity there are also some interesting natural lakes like Lake Vivo, Lake Pantaniello and Lake Scanno and also some artificial basins, among which we count the Lake of Barrea and the Lake of the Montagna Spaccata.

In the valleys, furrowed by rivers, we can admire a lush riparian vegetation with poplars, willows and alders. Higher up, we find the typical species of the Apennine mountain woods, among which the Beech is the predominant one. But mingled with beeches there are also examples of Sycamore Maple, Sorb, Laburnum, Hazel, Wild Apple-tree, Wild Pear and Wild Cherry-tree, and, rarely of Holly. Local pinewoods of Black Pine can be seen in Villetta Barrea and the Camosciara.
In Spring and Summer the Park is covered with smyriad colours. The meadowlands are full of blossoming gentians, blue gentians, violets, peonies and forget-me-nots and the beech-woods are full of columbines and Marsican irises. The pride of the Park is the Cypripedium calceolus, a kind of yellow and black orchid generally called Venus's little shoe or Our lady's slipper. The Park can be visited in every season. Guided tours along equipped Nature paths are available. The most popular nature paths, by reason of their beautiful scenery, originate in the heart of the Park, i.e. in the Camosciara and Val Fondillo. 

Useful numbers

Roma
Park Administration
Via Medaglie d'Oro, 141
06/3496993-3497594

Sulmona
Tourist Information Office
0864/53276
Museum of Natural History
0864/55948-9

Bisegna
Tour Information Centre and Zone Office

Pescasseroli
Tourist Information Office - 0863/910461
Association of hotel keepers and restaurants  - 0863/910738
Park Administration (Tour Information Centre) - 0863/910715
Information Bureau - 0863/91955
Research Centre (Tour Information Centre) - 0863/910405
Major Museum - 0863/91998
Cooperative "Ecotur" (Tourist servicesi) - 0863/912760

Villavallelonga
Tour Information Centre - Deer and Zone Office - 0863/949261
Corps of Foresters Post - 0863/949134

Civitella Alfedena
Tour Information Centre - Wolf and Zone Office - 0864/890141
Agency "WOLF" (Tourist services) - 0864/890360-890222

Opi
Pro Loco (Local Tourist Board) - 0863/910622
Corps of Foresters Post - 0863/910462

Villetta Barrea
Pro Loco (Local Tourist Board) - 0864/89333
Cooperative '"Pinus Nigra" (Tourist services) - 0864/89141

Barrea
Pro Loco (Local Tourist Board) - 0864/88227
Corps of Foresters Post - 0864/88323

Scanno
Tourist Information Office - 0864/74317

The National Park of Majella

Organization

Founded, together with the Gran Sasso-Laga in 1993, it extends for 86,000 hectares in the provinces of Pescara, Chieti, and L'Aquila involving 39 communes. The Majella mountain range is clearly connected with the Morrone mountain. The rounded massif of the Majella is very characteristic. Similar to a magnificent, elliptical dome, it dominates the Abruzzo countryside rising up between the sea and the Apennine range.
The western side, being without valleys, is furrowed by wide screes that push as far as the beechwoods that embellish that side, whereas the eastern side is more rounded.

Apart from the principal peak, Monte Amaro (2,795 mts), there are another thirty that go above the 2,000 mts. One of these is Monte Acquaviva (2,737 mts), and then MajellaCima delle Murelle (2,596 mts) and Monte Focalone (2,676 mts) with almost dolomitic faces.
The charm of the Majella is increased by deep valleys, real and true "canyons" and by vast plateaus above 2,000 mts such as Valle di Femmina Morta. Most frequent is the phenomenon of karsification evidenced by the numerous grottoes one of which is Grotta del Cavallone that D'Annunzio chose as the setting for the second act of his Figlia di Iorio (Daughter of Iorio).

Fauna

The park's wildlife is worthily represeThe wolfnted by the wolf, the Marsican brown bear, chamois, red-deer, roe-deer, and 130 species of birds including the now rare peregrine, lanner-falcon, golden eagle, goshawk, eagle-owl and the dotterel that in Italy nests only in this mountain.

The presence of the Apollo (Parnassus Apollo) is of interest, a large butterfly with almost transparent wings, with round spots edged in. black and red. Due to its rarity it is the only insect in Abruzzo protected by the Washington Convention, that disciplines the international trade of species in danger of extinction

Flora and natural environments

On the Majella there is clear evidence oPhoto: F. Di Fabriziof the different coverings of vegetation. Firstly there are woods formed of oaks, maples, hornbeams, manna-ash, and holm-oaks. Higher up, towards 900-1,000 mts the forest covering is made up of beech and mountain maple.
Almost everywhere you can find the yellow Laburnum, so abundant that you can almost believe the hypothesis that the word Majella comes from maio, an old name the local population gave to this plant.

In the beech group we must remember the birch, in the Fara S. Martino valley, and the Nigra pine present in the Valle Serviera.
Up above, towards 1,700 mts, there are thick formations of shrub: mountain pine of the variety Pomilio.
On the Majella you can count over 1,700 species of floristic essences: Aquilegia of Majella, Campanula cavolinii, Saxifraga porophylla, Doronico, Alpine anemone, Viola eugeniae.

The History

In living memory the Majella represents the Mother mountain to the Abruzzo people. ISERRAMONACESCA: San Liberatore a Majellan ancient times it was sacred to the goddess Maja, and in the Middle Ages it became a place of prayer to numerous hermits, amongst these was the famous Pietro Angeleri, who then became Pope Celestino V.

Hermitages and abbeys flourished so numerously that the Petrarca defined it the Domus Christi: from the most famous hermitage of Santo Spirito, a national monument, to the real and true grottoes, the hermitages of S. Giovanni, S. Antonio, S. Angelo. The striking abbey of S. Liberatore a Majella, near Serramonacesca, one of the most representative of Romanesque churches in Abruzzo. Numerous interesting historic centres: Caramanico, Guardiagrele, Palena, Pretoro, Roccacaramanico, Roccacasale, Popoli, Cansano, Pacentro and Pescocostanzo.

The Regional Park of Sirente velino

Organization

The Sirente-Velino Park was created by the Region of Abruzzo in 1989. Its territory borders on Lazio to the west, on the Plain of Fucino to the south and on the river Aterno to the north. It includes Monte Velino, whose 2,468 metres make it the Apennines third highest peak, and the massif of Sirente, which is formed by a single almost straight ridge of about 20 kms and whose topmost peak, called Monte Sirente, is 2,348 mts high.

The Velino and Sirente are divided by the fault bounding the Altopiano delle Rocche, they show the same geological and tectonic structure. According to Dionysius of Halicarnassous, the name "Velino" comes from the Greek word Hetos, which means "swamp". Though its present barren aspect makes it impossible to believe , at the beginning of the Quaternary period the massif contained a series of high altitude lakes, whose traces give the landscape an enchanting look. The karst phenomena are especially noticeable here. They produced the Grotte di Stiffe, in the district of S. Demetrio ne' Vestini. An underground river, lei by the sink-holes water of the karst plateau of the Rocche, runs across the caves. Inside you can admire several small lakes and falls up to 20 metres high. In the various sections of the caves, besides the stalactites and stalagmites, you can enjoy the marvellous visual and sound-effects produced by the water. Outside you can admire the falls created by the water flowing out from the caves. Guided tours to the Grotte di Stiffe, by the L'Aquila Spelaeological Group, are available every day in July and August, but only on Saturday and Sunday in the rest of the year.

Fauna

The fauna of the Park is also interesting. You can find there the Apennine Wolf, the Wild Cat and the Pine Marten. The Golden Eagle, as well as the Peregrin Hawk and the Lanner Falcon, have found here a natural habitat to build their nests. In the beech-woods You can find the Song Thrush, the Mistle Thrush, the Jay and the Ringdove It is important to note the presence of some couples of Golden Owls too.

Flora and natural environments

The Park has a lush vegetation. Its different exposures, the large gap (1,400 metres) between its minimum and maximum heights, the presence of rock-faces, dolines and caves create a differentiated environment and cause the Velino to be a region with extraordinary natural resources. At the base of the mountain there are woods of Pubescent oaks, Black hornbeams, Flowering ashes and Mountain ashes.
At a higher level, you can see meadowlands full of Gramineae, while on the south-west sue, in the Vallone di Sevice you can notice strips of beech-woods.

Higher On plants of Sesleria Appenninica, mingled with Dwarf junipers and Bearberry shrubs, grow in the meadowlands. Silver-white shrubs of Apennine Potentilla and some saxifrages represent the typical rock vegetation On the detrital layers You can find the Glacier rootlet and the Alpine poppy. In the upper zones of the massif of Sirente the Beech represents the dominant kind of vegetation, but in the lower levels the beech-trees are mingled with a great variety of other species like the Maple, the Adriatic oak, the Pubescent oak, the Trembling poplar, the Wild Pear and the Sorb. The meadowlands of the Piano di Canale exhibit a luxuriant flora which includes a species growing exclusively on the Sirente: the Geum heterocarpum; you can also admire blossoming gentians of different kinds.
The Ptiloirjchum cyclocarpum grows in the Valle Lupara, It is a cross-shaped rupicolous plant which, in Italy, is reported to exist only in Abruzzo In the Spring, on the Altopiano delle Rocche, You can enjoy watching the gorgeous blossoming meadows, full of Poet's narcissuses, the flowers to which the town of Rocca di Mezzo dedicates a very picturesque festival.